Earthquakes: Fast, Unpredictable, Dangerous

Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes strike without warning. There's no advance alert — only the sudden, violent shaking of the ground beneath your feet. In those first moments, what you do (or don't do) can determine whether you walk away unharmed.

This guide covers the right actions to take during an earthquake and the critical steps to follow immediately after it ends.

During the Earthquake: Drop, Cover, Hold On

The single most important thing to remember is the internationally recognized protocol: Drop, Cover, and Hold On.

Drop

Get down on your hands and knees immediately. This position protects you from being knocked over and allows you to move if needed.

Cover

Cover your head and neck with your arms. If a sturdy table or desk is nearby, get under it. If there's no shelter available, position yourself against an interior wall away from windows.

Hold On

If you're under a table or desk, hold on to it and be prepared to move with it. Stay in position until the shaking completely stops.

Where You Are Matters

If You're Indoors

  • Stay inside — most injuries occur when people try to move or run outside
  • Stay away from windows, exterior walls, and heavy furniture that could tip
  • Do not use elevators during or after shaking
  • If in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow

If You're Outdoors

  • Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires
  • Once in the open, stay there until shaking stops
  • Be aware that the ground may crack or shift

If You're in a Vehicle

  • Pull over away from buildings, overpasses, and power lines
  • Stay inside with seatbelt fastened until the shaking stops
  • Proceed carefully after, watching for road damage

After the Earthquake Stops

Expect Aftershocks

Aftershocks can follow within minutes, hours, or even days. They are often weaker than the main quake but can still cause damage — especially to already-weakened structures. Apply the same Drop, Cover, Hold On protocol if one occurs.

Check for Injuries and Hazards

  1. Check yourself for injuries before helping others
  2. Look for fires or gas leaks — if you smell gas, leave the building immediately and do not use light switches
  3. Check for damaged electrical wiring and avoid contact
  4. Inspect your home for structural damage before re-entering

Do Not Use Open Flames

Gas lines may be broken. Do not use matches, candles, or lighters until you are certain there's no gas leak. Use flashlights instead.

Listen to Official Information

Tune in to a battery-powered or hand-crank radio for emergency broadcasts. Follow instructions from local emergency management officials. Do not spread or rely on unverified social media reports.

Tsunami Warning: A Critical Post-Earthquake Step

If you live near a coast and experience a strong earthquake, move immediately to higher ground — do not wait for an official tsunami warning. A significant earthquake near or under the ocean can generate a tsunami within minutes.

Prepare Before the Next One

The best time to prepare for an earthquake is before it happens. Secure heavy furniture and appliances to walls, store breakables in low cabinets, and know your home's gas shutoff location. Keep your 72-hour emergency kit accessible at all times.

Being informed and prepared is your strongest defense against earthquake danger.